Publications

Publication list

Peer-reviewed publications from the lab. Filter by topic or search, or see them on the publication timeline. The complete list is on UCSD Profiles and Google Scholar.

Book chapters

Peer-reviewed articles

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2026

  • Genome-wide association study of cocaine self-administration behavior in Heterogeneous Stock rats. AlcoholNicotineStimulantsBehaviorGenetics Lara MK, Carrette LLG, Sanches TM, Polesskaya O, Avelar A, Beeson A, Beldjoud H, Boomhower B, Brennan M, Chen D, Cheng R, China L, Chitre AS, Conlisk DE, Fannon M, Johnson BB, Keung E, Kimbrough A, Kononoff J, Martinez AR, Maturin L, Nguyen KM, Morgan A, Mosquera J, Othman D, Plasil SL, Ramborger J, Schweitzer P, Sedighim S, Seshie O, Shankar K, Sichel B, Simpson S, Smith LC, Sneddon EA, Tieu L, Velarde N, Zahedi S, Woods LCS, Kallupi M, de Guglielmo G, Palmer AA, George O. Nat Commun. 2026 Jun. PMID: 42277005 DOI
  • Engaging Gut-to-Brain Signalling to Treat Alcohol Use Disorder. AlcoholBehaviorGut–BrainTreatment & Medications Hoffman PL, de Guglielmo G, Vengeliene V, Kunze W, Lebonville CL, Swinny JD, Roberts AJ, George O, McVey Neufeld KA, Dunbar A, Saba LM, Ma R, Vendruscolo LF, Becker HC, Spanagel R, Tabakoff B. Addict Biol. 2026 Mar. PMID: 41879717 DOI
  • High incidence of estrous cycle irregularities in heterogeneous stock (HS) rats is associated with footshock-resistant cocaine intake. StimulantsBehaviorGenetics Sneddon EA, Chonwattanagul S, Bai K, Kurup PH, Plasil SL, Doyle MR, Zahedi S, Simpson S, Sichel BC, Othman DN, Brennan M, Palmer AA, Kallupi M, Carrette LLG, de Guglielmo G, George O. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2026 Mar. PMID: 41874612 DOI
  • Large-scale behavioral characterization of oxycodone self-administration in heterogeneous stock rats reveals initial analgesic effects are associated with addiction-like behaviors. OpioidsBehaviorGenetics Kallupi M, de Guglielmo G, Carrette LLG, Simpson S, Kononoff J, Kimbrough A, Smith LC, Shankar K, Avelar A, Conlisk D, Brennan M, Tieu L, Sedighim S, Boomhower B, Maturin L, Fannon MJ, Martinez A, Crook C, Dirik S, Velarde N, Schweitzer P, Bonnet-Zahedi S, Sneddon E, Plasil S, Morgan AA, Othman DN, Sichel B, Peng B, Chitre AS, Polesskaya O, Lau J, Vang A, Solberg Woods LC, Palmer AA, George O. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2026 Jan. PMID: 41617925 DOI
  • Incentive salience, not psychomotor sensitization or tolerance, drives escalation of cocaine self-administration in heterogeneous stock rats. StimulantsBehavior Ramborger J, Mosquera J, Brennan M, Sichel B, Othman D, Plasil S, Sneddon E, Zahedi S, Morgan A, Chonwattanagul S, Bai K, China L, La T, Maturin L, Carrette LLG, George O. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2026 Jan. PMID: 41548027 DOI

2025

  • Sex-specific transcriptional signatures of oxycodone persist during withdrawal and abstinence in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of heterogeneous stock rats. OpioidsBehaviorGeneticsSex DifferencesStress & CRFTranscriptomics & Epigenetics Delorme TC, Sambare S, Williams BR, Gamble MC, Carrette LLG, Solberg Woods LC, Maturin L, Palmer AA, George O, Logan RW. Addict Neurosci. 2025 Oct. PMID: 41477436 DOI
  • The influence of stress and social defeat on neurobiological reinforcement mechanisms across reward to withdrawal in nicotine addiction. NicotineBehaviorStress & CRF Shankar K, Zahedi S, George O. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2025 Jul. PMID: 40715842 DOI
  • Sex-Specific Concordance of Striatal Transcriptional Signatures of Opioid Addiction in Human and Rodent Brains. OpioidsBehaviorGeneticsSex DifferencesTranscriptomics & Epigenetics Shelton MA, Horan N, Xue X, Maturin L, Eacret D, Michaud J, Singh N, Williams BR, Gamble MC, Seggio JA, Fish MK, Phan BN, Tseng GC, Blendy JA, Solberg Woods LC, Palmer AA, George O, Logan RW, Seney ML. Biol Psychiatry Glob Open Sci. 2025 Feb. PMID: 40248277 DOI
  • Identification of Plasma Metabolites Responding to Oxycodone Exposure in Rats. OpioidsBehaviorTranscriptomics & Epigenetics Vu T, Godbole S, Carrette LLG, Maturin L, George O, Saba LM, Kechris K. Metabolites. 2025 Feb. PMID: 39997720 DOI

2024

  • Large-scale characterization of cocaine addiction-like behaviors reveals that escalation of intake, aversion-resistant responding, and breaking-points are highly correlated measures of the same construct. StimulantsBehaviorGeneticsSex Differences de Guglielmo G, Carrette L, Kallupi M, Brennan M, Boomhower B, Maturin L, Conlisk D, Sedighim S, Tieu L, Fannon MJ, Martinez AR, Velarde N, Othman D, Sichel B, Ramborger J, Lau J, Kononoff J, Kimbrough A, Simpson S, Smith LC, Shankar K, Bonnet-Zahedi S, Sneddon EA, Avelar A, Plasil SL, Mosquera J, Crook C, Chun L, Vang A, Milan KK, Schweitzer P, Lin B, Peng B, Chitre AS, Polesskaya O, Solberg Woods LC, Palmer AA, George O. Elife. 2024 Nov. PMID: 39484794 DOI
  • Y and mitochondrial chromosomes in the heterogeneous stock rat population. BehaviorGeneticsGut–BrainTranscriptomics & Epigenetics Okamoto F, Chitre AS, Missfeldt Sanches T, Chen D, Munro D, Aron AT, Beeson A, Bimschleger HV, Eid M, Garcia Martinez AG, Han W, Holl K, Jackson T, Johnson BB, King CP, Kuhn BN, Lamparelli AC, Netzley AH, Nguyen KH, Peng BF, Tripi JA, Wang T, Ziegler KS, Adams DJ, Baud A, Carrette LLG, Chen H, de Guglielmo G, Dorrestein P, George O, Ishiwari K, Jablonski MM, Jhou TC, Kallupi M, Knight R, Meyer PJ, Solberg Woods LC, Polesskaya O, Palmer AA. G3 (Bethesda). 2024 Nov. PMID: 39250761 DOI
  • High quality, high throughput, and low-cost simultaneous video recording of 60 animals in operant chambers using PiRATeMC. Behavior Ramborger J, Kalra S, Mosquera J, Smith ACW, George O. J Neurosci Methods. 2024 Aug. PMID: 39222797 DOI
  • Acute nicotine activates orectic and inhibits anorectic brain regions in rats exposed to chronic nicotine. NicotineBehavior Shankar K, Bonnet-Zahedi S, Milan K, D'argence AR, Sneddon E, Qiao R, Chonwattangul S, Carrette LLG, Kallupi M, George O. Neuropharmacology. 2024 Apr. PMID: 38648925 DOI
  • A reverse translational study of PPAR-α agonist efficacy in human and rodent models relevant to alcohol use disorder. AlcoholTreatment & Medications Mason BJ, Estey D, Roberts A, de Guglielmo G, George O, Light J, Stoolmiller M, Quello S, Skinner M, Shadan F, Begovic A, Kyle MC, Harris RA. Neurobiol Stress. 2024 Jan. PMID: 38292518 DOI

2023

  • Acute nicotine intake increases feeding behavior through decreasing glucagon signaling in dependent male and female rats. NicotineBehaviorSex Differences Shankar K, Ramborger J, Bonnet-Zahedi S, Carrette LLG, George O. Horm Behav. 2023 Nov. PMID: 37926623 DOI
  • Author Correction: Single-nucleus genomics in outbred rats with divergent cocaine addiction-like behaviors reveals changes in amygdala GABAergic inhibition. StimulantsBehaviorGeneticsTranscriptomics & Epigenetics Zhou JL, de Guglielmo G, Ho AJ, Kallupi M, Pokhrel N, Li HR, Chitre AS, Munro D, Mohammadi P, Carrette LLG, George O, Palmer AA, McVicker G, Telese F. Nat Neurosci. 2023 Nov. PMID: 37845545 DOI
  • Single-nucleus genomics in outbred rats with divergent cocaine addiction-like behaviors reveals changes in amygdala GABAergic inhibition. StimulantsBehaviorGeneticsTranscriptomics & Epigenetics Zhou JL, de Guglielmo G, Ho AJ, Kallupi M, Pokhrel N, Li HR, Chitre AS, Munro D, Mohammadi P, Carrette LLG, George O, Palmer AA, McVicker G, Telese F. Nat Neurosci. 2023 Oct. PMID: 37798411 DOI
  • Directed evolution unlocks oxygen reactivity for a nicotine-degrading flavoenzyme. NicotineBehaviorGeneticsTreatment & Medications Dulchavsky M, Mitra R, Wu K, Li J, Boer K, Liu X, Zhang Z, Vasquez C, Clark CT, Funckes K, Shankar K, Bonnet-Zahedi S, Siddiq M, Sepulveda Y, Suhandynata RT, Momper JD, Calabrese AN, George O, Stull F, Bardwell JCA. Nat Chem Biol. 2023 Sep. PMID: 37770699 DOI
  • Chronic administration of a norepinephrine antagonist prevents and partially reverses escalation of cocaine self-administration. StimulantsBehaviorStress & CRFTreatment & Medications Beldjoud H, Avelar A, de Guglielmo G, Kallupi M, Sedighim S, Velarde N, Boomhower B, Rizo N, Carrette LLG, George O. Addict Biol. 2023 Sep. PMID: 37644893 DOI
  • Microbial short-chain fatty acids regulate drug seeking and transcriptional control in a model of cocaine seeking. StimulantsBehaviorGut–Brain Meckel KR, Simpson SS, Godino A, Peck EG, Sens JP, Leonard MZ, George O, Calipari ES, Hofford RS, Kiraly DD. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2023 Aug. PMID: 37528220 DOI
  • Cocaine Regulates NLRP3 Inflammasome Activity and CRF Signaling in a Region- and Sex-Dependent Manner in Rat Brain. StimulantsBehaviorSex DifferencesStress & CRF Cheng Y, Dempsey RE, Roodsari SK, Shuboni-Mulligan DD, George O, Sanford LD, Guo ML. Biomedicines. 2023 Jun. PMID: 37509440 DOI
  • Strain and sex-related behavioral variability of oxycodone dependence in rats. OpioidsBehaviorGeneticsSex Differences Doyle MR, Martinez AR, Qiao R, Dirik S, Di Ottavio F, Pascasio G, Martin-Fardon R, Benner C, George O, Telese F, de Guglielmo G. Neuropharmacology. 2023 Jun. PMID: 37327971 DOI
  • Hyperconnectivity of Two Separate Long-Range Cholinergic Systems Contributes to the Reorganization of the Brain Functional Connectivity during Nicotine Withdrawal in Male Mice. NicotineBehaviorBrain Imaging Carrette LLG, Kimbrough A, Davoudian PA, Kwan AC, Collazo A, George O. eNeuro. 2023 Jun. PMID: 37295945 DOI
  • Abstinence from Escalation of Cocaine Intake Changes the microRNA Landscape in the Cortico-Accumbal Pathway. OpioidsStimulantsBehaviorPrefrontal Cortex & CognitionTranscriptomics & Epigenetics Kumaresan V, Lim Y, Juneja P, Tipton AE, de Guglielmo G, Carrette LLG, Kallupi M, Maturin L, Liu Y, George O, Zhang H. Biomedicines. 2023 May. PMID: 37239038 DOI
  • An Ensemble Learning Approach to Improving Prediction of Case Duration for Spine Surgery: Algorithm Development and Validation. Gabriel RA, Harjai B, Simpson S, Du AL, Tully JL, George O, Waterman R. JMIR Perioper Med. 2023 Jan. PMID: 36701181 DOI

2022

  • Voluntary and forced exposure to ethanol vapor produces similar escalation of alcohol drinking but differential recruitment of brain regions related to stress, habit, and reward in male rats. AlcoholBehaviorNeuronal EnsemblesStress & CRFVapor Models de Guglielmo G, Simpson S, Kimbrough A, Conlisk D, Baker R, Cantor M, Kallupi M, George O. Neuropharmacology. 2022 Nov. PMID: 36334765 DOI
  • Are we compulsively chasing rainbows? Behavior George O, Ahmed SH, Gilpin NW. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2022 Aug. PMID: 35982236 DOI
  • Effects of single and dual hypocretin-receptor blockade or knockdown of hypocretin projections to the central amygdala on alcohol drinking in dependent male rats. AlcoholBehaviorStress & CRFVapor Models Aldridge GM, Zarin TA, Brandner AJ, George O, Gilpin NW, Repunte-Canonigo V, Sanna PP, Koob GF, Vendruscolo LF, Schmeichel BE. Addict Neurosci. 2022 Jul. PMID: 35965958 DOI
  • Glucocorticoid Receptor-Regulated Enhancers Play a Central Role in the Gene Regulatory Networks Underlying Drug Addiction. OpioidsStimulantsBehaviorPrefrontal Cortex & CognitionStress & CRFTranscriptomics & Epigenetics Duttke SH, Montilla-Perez P, Chang MW, Li H, Chen H, Carrette LLG, de Guglielmo G, George O, Palmer AA, Benner C, Telese F. Front Neurosci. 2022 May. PMID: 35651629 DOI
  • Leptin Protects Against the Development and Expression of Cocaine Addiction-Like Behavior in Heterogeneous Stock Rats. StimulantsBehaviorGenetics Carrette LLG, Corral C, Boomhower B, Brennan M, Crook C, Ortez C, Shankar K, Simpson S, Maturin L, Solberg Woods LC, Palmer AA, de Guglielmo G, George O. Front Behav Neurosci. 2022 Mar. PMID: 35316955 DOI
  • Microstructural meal pattern analysis reveals a paradoxical acute increase in food intake after nicotine despite its long-term anorexigenic effects. AlcoholNicotineBehavior Shankar K, Ambroggi F, George O. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2022 Feb. PMID: 35129671 DOI
  • Administration of BDNF in the ventral tegmental area produces a switch from a nicotine-non-dependent D1R-mediated motivational state to a nicotine-dependent-like D2R-mediated motivational state. NicotineBehaviorTranscriptomics & Epigenetics Grieder TE, Yee M, Vargas-Perez H, Maal-Bared G, George S, Ting-A-Kee R, George O, van der Kooy D. Eur J Neurosci. 2022 Jan. PMID: 34963197 DOI

2021

  • FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO THE ESCALATION OF ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION. Alcohol Bowen MT, George O, Muskiewicz DE, Hall FS. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2021 Nov. PMID: 34839930 DOI
  • Deep brain stimulation of the nucleus accumbens shell attenuates cocaine withdrawal but increases cocaine self-administration, cocaine-induced locomotor activity, and GluR1/GluA1 in the central nucleus of the amygdala in male cocaine-dependent rats. StimulantsBehaviorTreatment & Medications Kallupi M, Kononoff J, Melas PA, Qvist JS, de Guglielmo G, Kandel ER, George O. Brain Stimul. 2021 Nov. PMID: 34742997 DOI
  • Characterization of the Brain Functional Architecture of Psychostimulant Withdrawal Using Single-Cell Whole-Brain Imaging. NicotineStimulantsBehaviorBrain ImagingTranscriptomics & Epigenetics Kimbrough A, Kallupi M, Smith LC, Simpson S, Collazo A, George O. eNeuro. 2021 Nov. PMID: 34580158 DOI
  • Drugs and Bugs: The Gut-Brain Axis and Substance Use Disorders. AlcoholBehaviorGut–BrainStress & CRF Simpson S, Mclellan R, Wellmeyer E, Matalon F, George O. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol. 2021 Oct. PMID: 34694571 DOI
  • How nicotine withdrawal symptoms fight each other: interpeduncular GABA neuron activity dynamically controls negative affect vs. coping behavior. NicotineBehavior Avelar AJ, George O. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2021 Sep. PMID: 34593977 DOI
  • Individual differences in addiction-like behaviors and choice between cocaine versus food in Heterogeneous Stock rats. StimulantsBehaviorGenetics Sedighim S, Carrette LL, Venniro M, Shaham Y, de Guglielmo G, George O. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2021 Aug. PMID: 34415376 DOI
  • The Cocaine and Oxycodone Biobanks, Two Repositories from Genetically Diverse and Behaviorally Characterized Rats for the Study of Addiction. OpioidsStimulantsBehaviorGeneticsGut–BrainTranscriptomics & Epigenetics Carrette LLG, de Guglielmo G, Kallupi M, Maturin L, Brennan M, Boomhower B, Conlisk D, Sedighim S, Tieu L, Fannon MJ, Velarde N, Martinez AR, Kononoff J, Kimbrough A, Simpson S, Smith LC, Shankar K, Ramirez FJ, Chitre AS, Lin B, Polesskaya O, Solberg Woods LC, Palmer AA, George O. eNeuro. 2021 Jun. PMID: 33875455 DOI
  • The Hidden Brain: Uncovering Previously Overlooked Brain Regions by Employing Novel Preclinical Unbiased Network Approaches. Brain Imaging Simpson S, Chen Y, Wellmeyer E, Smith LC, Aragon Montes B, George O, Kimbrough A. Front Syst Neurosci. 2021 Apr. PMID: 33967705 DOI
  • Cannabidiol reduces withdrawal symptoms in nicotine-dependent rats. AlcoholCannabinoidsNicotineStimulantsBehaviorSex DifferencesTreatment & Medications Smith LC, Tieu L, Suhandynata RT, Boomhower B, Hoffman M, Sepulveda Y, Carrette LLG, Momper JD, Fitzgerald RL, Hanham K, Dowling J, Kallupi M, George O. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2021 Apr. PMID: 33909102 DOI
  • Glucocorticoid receptor modulators decrease alcohol self-administration in male rats. AlcoholBehaviorGeneticsStress & CRFTreatment & MedicationsVapor Models McGinn MA, Tunstall BJ, Schlosburg JE, Gregory-Flores A, George O, de Guglielmo G, Mason BJ, Hunt HJ, Koob GF, Vendruscolo LF. Neuropharmacology. 2021 Feb. PMID: 33647278 DOI

2020

  • Advances in smoking cessation pharmacotherapy: Non-nicotinic approaches in animal models. CannabinoidsNicotineBehaviorTreatment & Medications Smith LC, George O. Neuropharmacology. 2020 Aug. PMID: 32758566 DOI
  • Adapting Genotyping-by-Sequencing and Variant Calling for Heterogeneous Stock Rats. Genetics Gileta AF, Gao J, Chitre AS, Bimschleger HV, St Pierre CL, Gopalakrishnan S, Palmer AA. G3 (Bethesda). 2020 Jul. PMID: 32398234 DOI
  • Validation of a nicotine vapor self-administration model in rats with relevance to electronic cigarette use. NicotineBehaviorPrefrontal Cortex & CognitionVapor Models Smith LC, Kallupi M, Tieu L, Shankar K, Jaquish A, Barr J, Su Y, Velarde N, Sedighim S, Carrette LLG, Klodnicki M, Sun X, de Guglielmo G, George O. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2020 Jun. PMID: 32544927 DOI
  • Depletion of the Microbiome Alters the Recruitment of Neuronal Ensembles of Oxycodone Intoxication and Withdrawal. OpioidsBehaviorGeneticsGut–BrainNeuronal Ensembles Simpson S, Kimbrough A, Boomhower B, McLellan R, Hughes M, Shankar K, de Guglielmo G, George O. eNeuro. 2020 May. PMID: 32341122 DOI
  • Role of corticotropin-releasing factor in alcohol and nicotine addiction. AlcoholNicotineBehaviorGeneticsSex DifferencesStress & CRF Simpson S, Shankar K, Kimbrough A, George O. Brain Res. 2020 Apr. PMID: 32330519 DOI
  • Oxycodone self-administration and withdrawal behaviors in male and female Wistar rats. OpioidsBehaviorSex Differences Kimbrough A, Kononoff J, Simpson S, Kallupi M, Sedighim S, Palomino K, Conlisk D, Momper JD, de Guglielmo G, George O. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2020 Feb. PMID: 32114633 DOI
  • Chronic voluntary caffeine intake in male Wistar rats reveals individual differences in addiction-like behavior. Behavior Lee CH, George O, Kimbrough A. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 2020 Feb. PMID: 32105663 DOI
  • Dopamine D3 Receptor Antagonism Reverses the Escalation of Oxycodone Self-administration and Decreases Withdrawal-Induced Hyperalgesia and Irritability-Like Behavior in Oxycodone-Dependent Heterogeneous Stock Rats. OpioidsBehaviorSex DifferencesTreatment & Medications de Guglielmo G, Kallupi M, Sedighim S, Newman AH, George O. Front Behav Neurosci. 2020 Jan. PMID: 31992976 DOI
  • Brain-wide functional architecture remodeling by alcohol dependence and abstinence. AlcoholBrain ImagingTranscriptomics & Epigenetics Kimbrough A, Lurie DJ, Collazo A, Kreifeldt M, Sidhu H, Macedo GC, D'Esposito M, Contet C, George O. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2020 Jan. PMID: 31937658 DOI
  • Nociceptin attenuates the escalation of oxycodone self-administration by normalizing CeA-GABA transmission in highly addicted rats. OpioidsBehaviorGeneticsTreatment & Medications Kallupi M, Carrette LLG, Kononoff J, Solberg Woods LC, Palmer AA, Schweitzer P, George O, de Guglielmo G. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2020 Jan. PMID: 31932450 DOI

2019

  • Increases in compulsivity, inflammation, and neural injury in HIV transgenic rats with escalated methamphetamine self-administration under extended-access conditions. AlcoholStimulantsBehaviorPrefrontal Cortex & CognitionTranscriptomics & Epigenetics de Guglielmo G, Fu Y, Chen J, Larrosa E, Hoang I, Kawamura T, Lorrai I, Zorman B, Bryant J, George O, Sumazin P, Lefebvre C, Repunte-Canonigo V, Sanna PP. Brain Res. 2019 Oct. PMID: 31605699 DOI
  • Insula to ventral striatal projections mediate compulsive eating produced by intermittent access to palatable food. Behavior Spierling S, de Guglielmo G, Kirson D, Kreisler A, Roberto M, George O, Zorrilla EP. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2019 Oct. PMID: 31593982 DOI
  • Exposure to passive nicotine vapor in male adolescent rats produces a withdrawal-like state and facilitates nicotine self-administration during adulthood. NicotineBehaviorVapor Models Kallupi M, de Guglielmo G, Larrosa E, George O. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 2019 Aug. PMID: 31462388 DOI
  • Systemic Administration of the Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor (S)-CR8 Selectively Reduces Escalated Ethanol Intake in Dependent Rats. AlcoholBehaviorPrefrontal Cortex & CognitionTreatment & MedicationsVapor Models Goulding SP, de Guglielmo G, Carrette LLG, George O, Contet C. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2019 Aug. PMID: 31403700 DOI
  • National Institute on Drug Abuse genomics consortium white paper: Coordinating efforts between human and animal addiction studies. OpioidsBehaviorGeneticsTranscriptomics & Epigenetics Cates HM, Benca-Bachman CE, de Guglielmo G, Schoenrock SA, Shu C, Kallupi M. Genes Brain Behav. 2019 May. PMID: 31012252 DOI
  • Inactivation of a CRF-dependent amygdalofugal pathway reverses addiction-like behaviors in alcohol-dependent rats. AlcoholBehaviorGeneticsNeuronal EnsemblesStress & CRFTreatment & Medications de Guglielmo G, Kallupi M, Pomrenze MB, Crawford E, Simpson S, Schweitzer P, Koob GF, Messing RO, George O. Nat Commun. 2019 Mar. PMID: 30886240 DOI

2018

  • An enzymatic approach reverses nicotine dependence, decreases compulsive-like intake, and prevents relapse. NicotineBehaviorStress & CRFTreatment & Medications Kallupi M, Xue S, Zhou B, Janda KD, George O. Sci Adv. 2018 Oct. PMID: 30345354 DOI
  • Adolescent cannabinoid exposure induces irritability-like behavior and cocaine cross-sensitization without affecting the escalation of cocaine self-administration in adulthood. CannabinoidsStimulantsBehavior Kononoff J, Melas PA, Kallupi M, de Guglielmo G, Kimbrough A, Scherma M, Fadda P, Kandel DB, Kandel ER, George O. Sci Rep. 2018 Sep. PMID: 30224774 DOI
  • Voluntary urination control by brainstem neurons that relax the urethral sphincter. BehaviorGenetics Keller JA, Chen J, Simpson S, Wang EH, Lilascharoen V, George O, Lim BK, Stowers L. Nat Neurosci. 2018 Aug. PMID: 30104734 DOI
  • Systemic and Intra-Habenular Activation of the Orphan G Protein-Coupled Receptor GPR139 Decreases Compulsive-Like Alcohol Drinking and Hyperalgesia in Alcohol-Dependent Rats. AlcoholBehaviorTreatment & Medications Kononoff J, Kallupi M, Kimbrough A, Conlisk D, de Guglielmo G, George O. eNeuro. 2018 Jul. PMID: 29971251 DOI
  • Subthalamic nucleus high frequency stimulation prevents and reverses escalated cocaine use. StimulantsBehaviorTreatment & Medications Pelloux Y, Degoulet M, Tiran-Cappello A, Cohen C, Lardeux S, George O, Koob GF, Ahmed SH, Baunez C. Mol Psychiatry. 2018 Jun. PMID: 29880881 DOI
  • Inhibition of Glyoxalase 1 reduces alcohol self-administration in dependent and nondependent rats. AlcoholBehaviorTreatment & MedicationsVapor Models de Guglielmo G, Conlisk DE, Barkley-Levenson AM, Palmer AA, George O. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 2018 Mar. PMID: 29505808 DOI
  • An enzymatic advance in nicotine cessation therapy. NicotineTreatment & Medications Xue S, Kallupi M, Zhou B, Smith LC, Miranda PO, George O, Janda KD. Chem Commun (Camb). 2018 Feb. PMID: 29308799 DOI
  • Self-administered nicotine increases fat metabolism and suppresses weight gain in male rats. NicotineBehaviorBrain Imaging Rupprecht LE, Kreisler AD, Spierling SR, de Guglielmo G, Kallupi M, George O, Donny EC, Zorrilla EP, Sved AF. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2018 Jan. PMID: 29354872 DOI

2017

  • Median and Dorsal Raphe Serotonergic Neurons Control Moderate Versus Compulsive Cocaine Intake. StimulantsBehaviorStress & CRF Verheij MMM, Contet C, Karel P, Latour J, van der Doelen RHA, Geenen B, van Hulten JA, Meyer F, Kozicz T, George O, Koob GF, Homberg JR. Biol Psychiatry. 2017 Nov. PMID: 29357981 DOI
  • Dynorphin Counteracts Orexin in the Paraventricular Nucleus of the Thalamus: Cellular and Behavioral Evidence. OpioidsStimulantsBehaviorStress & CRF Matzeu A, Kallupi M, George O, Schweitzer P, Martin-Fardon R. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2017 Oct. PMID: 29052613 DOI
  • Individual differences in the neuropsychopathology of addiction. BehaviorPrefrontal Cortex & CognitionStress & CRF George O, Koob GF. Dialogues Clin Neurosci. 2017 Sep. PMID: 29302219 DOI
  • CRF1 Receptor-Dependent Increases in Irritability-Like Behavior During Abstinence from Chronic Intermittent Ethanol Vapor Exposure. AlcoholBehaviorStress & CRFVapor Models Kimbrough A, de Guglielmo G, Kononoff J, Kallupi M, Zorrilla EP, George O. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2017 Sep. PMID: 28833238 DOI
  • Compulsive-Like Sufentanil Vapor Self-Administration in Rats. NicotineOpioidsBehaviorGut–BrainVapor Models Vendruscolo JCM, Tunstall BJ, Carmack SA, Schmeichel BE, Lowery-Gionta EG, Cole M, George O, Vandewater SA, Taffe MA, Koob GF, Vendruscolo LF. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2017 Aug. PMID: 28812595 DOI
  • Intermittent Access to Ethanol Drinking Facilitates the Transition to Excessive Drinking After Chronic Intermittent Ethanol Vapor Exposure. AlcoholBehaviorVapor Models Kimbrough A, Kim S, Cole M, Brennan M, George O. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2017 Jul. PMID: 28679148 DOI
  • Nicotine Vapor Method to Induce Nicotine Dependence in Rodents. NicotineBehaviorGut–BrainVapor Models Kallupi M, George O. Curr Protoc Neurosci. 2017 Jul. PMID: 28678400 DOI
  • Cebranopadol Blocks the Escalation of Cocaine Intake and Conditioned Reinstatement of Cocaine Seeking in Rats. OpioidsStimulantsBehaviorTreatment & Medications de Guglielmo G, Matzeu A, Kononoff J, Mattioni J, Martin-Fardon R, George O. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2017 Jun. PMID: 28645915 DOI
  • Deletion of α5 nicotine receptor subunits abolishes nicotinic aversive motivational effects in a manner that phenocopies dopamine receptor antagonism. NicotineBehaviorGeneticsTreatment & Medications Grieder TE, George O, Yee M, Bergamini MA, Chwalek M, Maal-Bared G, Vargas-Perez H, van der Kooy D. Eur J Neurosci. 2017 Jun. PMID: 28498560 DOI
  • Cortical and amygdalar neuronal ensembles in alcohol seeking, drinking and withdrawal. AlcoholBehaviorNeuronal Ensembles George O, Hope BT. Neuropharmacology. 2017 Apr. PMID: 28435008 DOI
  • Alcohol Dependence Disrupts Amygdalar L-Type Voltage-Gated Calcium Channel Mechanisms. AlcoholBehaviorStress & CRF Varodayan FP, de Guglielmo G, Logrip ML, George O, Roberto M. J Neurosci. 2017 Mar. PMID: 28363981 DOI
  • Voluntary induction and maintenance of alcohol dependence in rats using alcohol vapor self-administration. AlcoholBehaviorGeneticsVapor Models de Guglielmo G, Kallupi M, Cole MD, George O. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2017 Mar. PMID: 28342089 DOI

2016

  • Genetic and Pharmacologic Manipulation of TLR4 Has Minimal Impact on Ethanol Consumption in Rodents. AlcoholBehaviorGenetics Harris RA, Bajo M, Bell RL, Blednov YA, Varodayan FP, Truitt JM, de Guglielmo G, Lasek AW, Logrip ML, Vendruscolo LF, Roberts AJ, Roberts E, George O, Mayfield J, Billiar TR, Hackam DJ, Mayfield RD, Koob GF, Roberto M, Homanics GE. J Neurosci. 2016 Dec. PMID: 27986929 DOI
  • High-Frequency Stimulation of the Subthalamic Nucleus Blocks Compulsive-Like Re-Escalation of Heroin Taking in Rats. OpioidsBehaviorTranscriptomics & EpigeneticsTreatment & Medications Wade CL, Kallupi M, Hernandez DO, Breysse E, de Guglielmo G, Crawford E, Koob GF, Schweitzer P, Baunez C, George O. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2016 Dec. PMID: 27917870 DOI
  • Recruitment of a Neuronal Ensemble in the Central Nucleus of the Amygdala Is Required for Alcohol Dependence. AlcoholBehaviorNeuronal Ensembles de Guglielmo G, Crawford E, Kim S, Vendruscolo LF, Hope BT, Brennan M, Cole M, Koob GF, George O. J Neurosci. 2016 Sep. PMID: 27605618 DOI

2015

  • A Transgenic Rat for Investigating the Anatomy and Function of Corticotrophin Releasing Factor Circuits. BehaviorGeneticsStress & CRF Pomrenze MB, Millan EZ, Hopf FW, Keiflin R, Maiya R, Blasio A, Dadgar J, Kharazia V, De Guglielmo G, Crawford E, Janak PH, George O, Rice KC, Messing RO. Front Neurosci. 2015 Dec. PMID: 26733798 DOI
  • Glucocorticoid receptor antagonism decreases alcohol seeking in alcohol-dependent individuals. AlcoholGut–BrainStress & CRFTreatment & Medications Vendruscolo LF, Estey D, Goodell V, Macshane LG, Logrip ML, Schlosburg JE, McGinn MA, Zamora-Martinez ER, Belanoff JK, Hunt HJ, Sanna PP, George O, Koob GF, Edwards S, Mason BJ. J Clin Invest. 2015 Jun. PMID: 26121746 DOI
  • Increased CRF signalling in a ventral tegmental area-interpeduncular nucleus-medial habenula circuit induces anxiety during nicotine withdrawal. NicotineBehaviorGeneticsStress & CRF Zhao-Shea R, DeGroot SR, Liu L, Vallaster M, Pang X, Su Q, Gao G, Rando OJ, Martin GE, George O, Gardner PD, Tapper AR. Nat Commun. 2015 Apr. PMID: 25898242 DOI
  • Chronic nicotine activates stress/reward-related brain regions and facilitates the transition to compulsive alcohol drinking. AlcoholNicotineBehaviorNeuronal EnsemblesPrefrontal Cortex & CognitionStress & CRFVapor Models Leão RM, Cruz FC, Vendruscolo LF, de Guglielmo G, Logrip ML, Planeta CS, Hope BT, Koob GF, George O. J Neurosci. 2015 Apr. PMID: 25878294 DOI
  • κ Opioid receptors in the nucleus accumbens shell mediate escalation of methamphetamine intake. OpioidsStimulantsBehaviorStress & CRF Whitfield TW, Schlosburg JE, Wee S, Gould A, George O, Grant Y, Zamora-Martinez ER, Edwards S, Crawford E, Vendruscolo LF, Koob GF. J Neurosci. 2015 Mar. PMID: 25762676 DOI
  • Hypocretin receptor 2 antagonism dose-dependently reduces escalated heroin self-administration in rats. OpioidsBehaviorStress & CRFTreatment & Medications Schmeichel BE, Barbier E, Misra KK, Contet C, Schlosburg JE, Grigoriadis D, Williams JP, Karlsson C, Pitcairn C, Heilig M, Koob GF, Vendruscolo LF. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2015 Mar. PMID: 25367502 DOI

2014

  • VTA CRF neurons mediate the aversive effects of nicotine withdrawal and promote intake escalation. NicotineBehaviorStress & CRF Grieder TE, Herman MA, Contet C, Tan LA, Vargas-Perez H, Cohen A, Chwalek M, Maal-Bared G, Freiling J, Schlosburg JE, Clarke L, Crawford E, Koebel P, Repunte-Canonigo V, Sanna PP, Tapper AR, Roberto M, Kieffer BL, Sawchenko PE, Koob GF, van der Kooy D, George O. Nat Neurosci. 2014 Nov. PMID: 25402857 DOI
  • Extended access nicotine self-administration with periodic deprivation increases immature neurons in the hippocampus. NicotineBehaviorPrefrontal Cortex & Cognition Cohen A, Soleiman MT, Talia R, Koob GF, George O, Mandyam CD. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2014 Jul. PMID: 25059540 DOI
  • Gene expression changes consistent with neuroAIDS and impaired working memory in HIV-1 transgenic rats. BehaviorPrefrontal Cortex & CognitionTranscriptomics & Epigenetics Repunte-Canonigo V, Lefebvre C, George O, Kawamura T, Morales M, Koob GF, Califano A, Masliah E, Sanna PP. Mol Neurodegener. 2014 Jul. PMID: 24980976 DOI
  • Negative reinforcement via motivational withdrawal is the driving force behind the transition to addiction. Behavior George O, Koob GF, Vendruscolo LF. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2014 Jun. PMID: 24923982 DOI
  • Anticipatory 50 kHz ultrasonic vocalizations are associated with escalated alcohol intake in dependent rats. AlcoholBehaviorStress & CRFVapor Models Buck CL, Malavar JC, George O, Koob GF, Vendruscolo LF. Behav Brain Res. 2014 Jun. PMID: 24914463 DOI
  • Virus-mediated shRNA knockdown of prodynorphin in the rat nucleus accumbens attenuates depression-like behavior and cocaine locomotor sensitization. OpioidsStimulantsBehaviorStress & CRFTreatment & Medications Cohen A, Whitfield TW, Kreifeldt M, Koebel P, Kieffer BL, Contet C, George O, Koob GF. PLoS One. 2014 May. PMID: 24816773 DOI
  • Corticotropin releasing factor: a key role in the neurobiology of addiction. BehaviorPrefrontal Cortex & CognitionStress & CRF Zorrilla EP, Logrip ML, Koob GF. Front Neuroendocrinol. 2014 Jan. PMID: 24456850 DOI

2013

  • Long-term antagonism of κ opioid receptors prevents escalation of and increased motivation for heroin intake. OpioidsBehaviorStress & CRFTreatment & Medications Schlosburg JE, Whitfield TW, Park PE, Crawford EF, George O, Vendruscolo LF, Koob GF. J Neurosci. 2013 Dec. PMID: 24305833 DOI
  • Dopamine D1 and μ-opioid receptor antagonism blocks anticipatory 50 kHz ultrasonic vocalizations induced by palatable food cues in Wistar rats. OpioidsTreatment & Medications Buck CL, Vendruscolo LF, Koob GF, George O. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2013 Nov. PMID: 24221826 DOI
  • Escalation of drug self-administration as a hallmark of persistent addiction liability. BehaviorGeneticsTranscriptomics & Epigenetics Edwards S, Koob GF. Behav Pharmacol. 2013 Sep. PMID: 23839030 DOI
  • Traumatic stress reactivity promotes excessive alcohol drinking and alters the balance of prefrontal cortex-amygdala activity. AlcoholBehaviorPrefrontal Cortex & CognitionStress & CRF Edwards S, Baynes BB, Carmichael CY, Zamora-Martinez ER, Barrus M, Koob GF, Gilpin NW. Transl Psychiatry. 2013 Aug. PMID: 23982628 DOI
  • Addiction is a Reward Deficit and Stress Surfeit Disorder. AlcoholOpioidsBehaviorPrefrontal Cortex & CognitionStress & CRF Koob GF. Front Psychiatry. 2013 Aug. PMID: 23914176 DOI
  • Extended access to nicotine leads to a CRF1 receptor dependent increase in anxiety-like behavior and hyperalgesia in rats. NicotineBehaviorStress & CRF Cohen A, Treweek J, Edwards S, Leão RM, Schulteis G, Koob GF, George O. Addict Biol. 2013 Jul. PMID: 23869743 DOI
  • Animal models of nicotine exposure: relevance to second-hand smoking, electronic cigarette use, and compulsive smoking. NicotineBehaviorVapor Models Cohen A, George O. Front Psychiatry. 2013 Jun. PMID: 23761766 DOI
  • Kappa opioid receptor-mediated dysregulation of gamma-aminobutyric acidergic transmission in the central amygdala in cocaine addiction. OpioidsStimulantsBehaviorStress & CRF Kallupi M, Wee S, Edwards S, Whitfield TW, Oleata CS, Luu G, Schmeichel BE, Koob GF, Roberto M. Biol Psychiatry. 2013 Jun. PMID: 23751206 DOI
  • Addiction as a stress surfeit disorder. OpioidsBehaviorPrefrontal Cortex & CognitionStress & CRF Koob GF, Buck CL, Cohen A, Edwards S, Park PE, Schlosburg JE, Schmeichel B, Vendruscolo LF, Wade CL, Whitfield TW, George O. Neuropharmacology. 2013 Jun. PMID: 23747571 DOI
  • Neuropeptide YY(2)R blockade in the central amygdala reduces anxiety-like behavior but not alcohol drinking in alcohol-dependent rats. AlcoholBehaviorTreatment & Medications Kallupi M, Vendruscolo LF, Carmichael CY, George O, Koob GF, Gilpin NW. Addict Biol. 2013 May. PMID: 23639035 DOI
  • Control of craving by the prefrontal cortex. Prefrontal Cortex & Cognition George O, Koob GF. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2013 Mar. PMID: 23483010 DOI
  • Hypothalamic proteoglycan syndecan-3 is a novel cocaine addiction resilience factor. StimulantsBehaviorGut–Brain Chen J, Repunte-Canonigo V, Kawamura T, Lefebvre C, Shin W, Howell LL, Hemby SE, Harvey BK, Califano A, Morales M, Koob GF, Sanna PP. Nat Commun. 2013. PMID: 23736082 DOI

2012

  • Hippocampal neurogenesis protects against cocaine-primed relapse. StimulantsBehavior Deschaux O, Vendruscolo LF, Schlosburg JE, Diaz-Aguilar L, Yuan CJ, Sobieraj JC, George O, Koob GF, Mandyam CD. Addict Biol. 2012 Dec. PMID: 23278919 DOI
  • Nicotine vapor inhalation escalates nicotine self-administration. NicotineBehaviorVapor Models Gilpin NW, Whitaker AM, Baynes B, Abdel AY, Weil MT, George O. Addict Biol. 2012 Dec. PMID: 23240929 DOI
  • Recruitment of medial prefrontal cortex neurons during alcohol withdrawal predicts cognitive impairment and excessive alcohol drinking. AlcoholBehaviorPrefrontal Cortex & CognitionStress & CRF George O, Sanders C, Freiling J, Grigoryan E, Vu S, Allen CD, Crawford E, Mandyam CD, Koob GF. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2012 Oct. PMID: 23071333 DOI
  • Robust escalation of nicotine intake with extended access to nicotine self-administration and intermittent periods of abstinence. NicotineBehavior Cohen A, Koob GF, George O. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2012 May. PMID: 22549121 DOI
  • Effects of the specific α4β2 nAChR antagonist, 2-fluoro-3-(4-nitrophenyl) deschloroepibatidine, on nicotine reward-related behaviors in rats and mice. NicotineBehaviorTreatment & Medications Tobey KM, Walentiny DM, Wiley JL, Carroll FI, Damaj MI, Azar MR, Koob GF, George O, Harris LS, Vann RE. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2012 Apr. PMID: 22526534 DOI
  • Effects of the combination of metyrapone and oxazepam on intravenous nicotine self-administration in rats. NicotineStimulantsBehaviorGut–Brain Goeders NE, Cohen A, Fox BS, Azar MR, George O, Koob GF. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2012 Mar. PMID: 22418732 DOI
  • Phasic D1 and tonic D2 dopamine receptor signaling double dissociate the motivational effects of acute nicotine and chronic nicotine withdrawal. NicotineBehaviorGenetics Grieder TE, George O, Tan H, George SR, Le Foll B, Laviolette SR, van der Kooy D. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2012 Jan. PMID: 22308372 DOI

2011

  • Levels of neural progenitors in the hippocampus predict memory impairment and relapse to drug seeking as a function of excessive methamphetamine self-administration. StimulantsBehaviorPrefrontal Cortex & Cognition Recinto P, Samant AR, Chavez G, Kim A, Yuan CJ, Soleiman M, Grant Y, Edwards S, Wee S, Koob GF, George O, Mandyam CD. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2011 Dec. PMID: 22205547 DOI
  • Allostasis and addiction: role of the dopamine and corticotropin-releasing factor systems. BehaviorStress & CRF George O, Le Moal M, Koob GF. Physiol Behav. 2011 Nov. PMID: 22108506 DOI
  • Craving, context and the cortex. OpioidsBehaviorPrefrontal Cortex & Cognition George O, Koob GF. Nat Neurosci. 2011 Apr. PMID: 21445066 DOI

2010

  • Varenicline blocks nicotine intake in rats with extended access to nicotine self-administration. NicotineBehaviorTreatment & Medications George O, Lloyd A, Carroll FI, Damaj MI, Koob GF. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2010 Oct. PMID: 20924754 DOI
  • Individual differences in prefrontal cortex function and the transition from drug use to drug dependence. BehaviorPrefrontal Cortex & CognitionStress & CRF George O, Koob GF. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2010 May. PMID: 20493211 DOI
  • Low brain allopregnanolone levels mediate flattened circadian activity associated with memory impairments in aged rats. Aging, Sleep & NeurosteroidsPrefrontal Cortex & Cognition George O, Vallée M, Vitiello S, Le Moal M, Piazza PV, Mayo W. Biol Psychiatry. 2010 May. PMID: 20471631 DOI
  • Exposure to chronic intermittent nicotine vapor induces nicotine dependence. NicotineBehaviorVapor Models George O, Grieder TE, Cole M, Koob GF. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 2010 Apr. PMID: 20420848 DOI

2009

  • A role for the endocannabinoid system in the increased motivation for cocaine in extended-access conditions. AlcoholCannabinoidsOpioidsStimulantsBehavior Orio L, Edwards S, George O, Parsons LH, Koob GF. J Neurosci. 2009 Apr. PMID: 19369553 DOI

2007

  • Extended access to cocaine self-administration produces long-lasting prefrontal cortex-dependent working memory impairments. StimulantsBehaviorPrefrontal Cortex & Cognition George O, Mandyam CD, Wee S, Koob GF. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2007 Nov. PMID: 18033234 DOI
  • CRF-CRF1 system activation mediates withdrawal-induced increases in nicotine self-administration in nicotine-dependent rats. NicotineBehaviorStress & CRF George O, Ghozland S, Azar MR, Cottone P, Zorrilla EP, Parsons LH, O'Dell LE, Richardson HN, Koob GF. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2007 Oct. PMID: 17921249 DOI

2006

  • Motherhood-induced memory improvement persists across lifespan in rats but is abolished by a gestational stress. BehaviorPrefrontal Cortex & CognitionStress & CRF Lemaire V, Billard JM, Dutar P, George O, Piazza PV, Epelbaum J, Le Moal M, Mayo W. Eur J Neurosci. 2006 Jun. PMID: 16820026 DOI
  • Chronic exposure of rats to noise: relationship between long-term memory deficits and slow wave sleep disturbances. Aging, Sleep & NeurosteroidsBehaviorPrefrontal Cortex & CognitionStress & CRF Rabat A, Bouyer JJ, George O, Le Moal M, Mayo W. Behav Brain Res. 2006 May. PMID: 16716416 DOI
  • Neurosteroids and cholinergic systems: implications for sleep and cognitive processes and potential role of age-related changes. Aging, Sleep & NeurosteroidsPrefrontal Cortex & Cognition George O, Vallée M, Le Moal M, Mayo W. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2006 Jan. PMID: 16416333 DOI

2005

  • Smad-dependent alterations of PPT cholinergic neurons as a pathophysiological mechanism of age-related sleep-dependent memory impairments. Aging, Sleep & NeurosteroidsPrefrontal Cortex & Cognition George O, Parducz A, Dupret D, Kharouby M, Le Moal M, Piazza PV, Mayo W. Neurobiol Aging. 2005 Nov. PMID: 16316709 DOI

2004

  • Sleep-wake states and cortical synchronization control by pregnenolone sulfate into the pedunculopontine nucleus. Aging, Sleep & Neurosteroids Darbra S, George O, Bouyer JJ, Piazza PV, Le Moal M, Mayo W. J Neurosci Res. 2004 Jun. PMID: 15139033 DOI
  • New insights into the role of neuroactive steroids in cognitive aging. Aging, Sleep & NeurosteroidsPrefrontal Cortex & Cognition Vallée M, George O, Vitiello S, Le Moal M, Mayo W. Exp Gerontol. 2004. PMID: 15582285 DOI

2003

  • Individual differences in cognitive aging: implication of pregnenolone sulfate. Aging, Sleep & NeurosteroidsPrefrontal Cortex & Cognition Mayo W, George O, Darbra S, Bouyer JJ, Vallée M, Darnaudéry M, Pallarès M, Lemaire-Mayo V, Le Moal M, Piazza PV, Abrous N. Prog Neurobiol. 2003 Sep. PMID: 14611866 DOI